Rascunho — ainda não traduzido.
Rotas de Grandes Exploradores e Aventureiros
Alexander the Great (Conquering from Macedonia to India): 356 BC - 323 BC Zhang Qian (Silk Road expansion - Central Asia): 164 BC - 113 BC Gaius Julius Caesar (Europe - Egypt): 100 BC - 44 BC Gan Ying (Silk Road - Rome attempt mission -) - 70 - 110 Attila the Hun (Conquering from Mongolia to Italy): 434-453 Cosmas Indicopleustes (Greek traveled to Persia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, India, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Egypt, Europe’s first map of Asia): Around 500’s Vikings (UK, Greenland, Iceland, Tunisia, Marrocos, Bulgary, Turkey, Ural Region until Armenia, etc): 793-1100 Erik Thorvaldsson (Greenland Viking): 950-1003 Leif Erikson (From Iceland - Discovered North America - Canada, Viking): 970-1020 Ibn Sina (Avicenna, Persia, Turkmenistan, Caspian Sea, Iran): 980-1037 Muhammad al-Idrisi (from Ceuta, drew the map Tabula Rogeriana, a description of the world, and a world map, and worked for over 15 years in Sicily): 1100-1165 Benjamin of Tudela (Europa, Asia, Africa, preceded Marco Polo’s Asias descriptions for 100 years): 1130-1173 Giovanni da Pian del Carpine & Benedict of Poland (Mongolia like Marco Polo): 1185-1252 (25 years before Marco Polo) William of Rubruck (Turkey, Mongolia - Before Marco Polo): 1200-1293 Rabban Bar Sauma (from Mongol-controlled China to Jerusalem viewpoint of the East looking to the West, written before Marco Polo’s return from Asia; Ambassador to Europe - Map of his travels available): 1220-1294 Marco Polo (Asia): 1254-1324 ✅ Ibn Battuta (Most of the Muslim world, North Africa, Horn of Africa, West Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, China): 1304-1369 Zheng He (SEA, India, Africa): 1371-1433 John Cabot (North America): 1450-1498 Bartolomeu Dias (Sailing through the southern tip of Africa, West Indies, Cabo da Boa Esperança, Cape Verde): 1450-1500 Cristóvão Colombo (Caribbean, Central America, South America): 1451-1506 Amerigo Vespucci (origin of the name America, Brazil, West Indies, Guyana, Amazon River, Trinidad, Orinoco Riber, Cape Verde, Brazil, South America, Patagonia): 1454-1512 Juan Ponce de Leon (Middle America): 1460-1521 Vasco da Gama (1st European India by sea): 1460-1524 🟡 Pedro Álvares Cabral (Discovery of Brazil, first captain who ever touched four continents, Europa, Africa, America and Asia): 1468-1520 Francisco Pizarro González (Conquered Inca Empire, killing Incan emperor Atahualpa, Peru, Panama, Colombia): 1471-1541 Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Veraguas, 5 Spanish colonial territories) Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica): 1475-1519 Hayreddin Barbarossa (brothers) (Pirate, corsair Ottoman, All Mediterranean sea, Greece, Italy, Spain, north Africa): 1478-1546 Fernão de Magalhães (1st Circumnavigation of the globe): 1480-1521 Giovanni da Verrazzano (North America): 1485-1528 Hernan Cortés (Conquerer of Aztec Empire, killing Moctezzuma II, Cuba, Mexico): 1485-1547 Juan Sebastián Elcano (Completed Fernão’s trip after he died): 1486-1526 Jacques Cartier (Canada): 1491-1557 Hernando de Soto (North America): 1500-1542 Lope de Aguirre (El Dorado): 1510-1561 Francisco de Orellana (First known navigation of the entire Amazon River, previously called Rio de Orellana, Ecuador, crossed from Brasil, Marajo Island to Guayaquil founding the city now Ecuador crossing horizontally South America): 1511-1546 Turgut Reis/Dragut (Pirate, corsair Ottoman, All Mediterranean, Greece, Italy, Spain, north Africa): 1514-1565 Francis Drake (Patagonia - South of Magellan Strait): 1540-1596 Willem Barentsz (Artic Explorer): 1550-1597 Sir Walter Raleigh (El Dorado): 1552-1618 Samuel de Champlain (Canada): 1574-1635 Abel Janszoon Tasman (New Zealand, Tasmania, Fiji): 1603-1659 Evliya Çelebi (Ottoman Explorer): 1611-1682 Sir Henry Morgan (Gibraltar, Panama, Haiti, Cuba): 1635-1688 Henry Every (Atlantic and Indian Ocean): 1659-1699 Blackbeard - Edward Teach (West Indies - North America - New Providence): 1680-1718 ✅ Vitus Bering (Bering Island, Bering Strait, Alaska): 1681-1741 Calico Jack/John Rackham (Pirate Caribbean, Bermudas, Bahamas, Jamaica, Cuba): 1682-1720 Bartholomew Roberts (Pirate 400 ships): 1682-1722 Mary Read (Pirate, With Anne Bonny, Calico Jack, West Indies, Nassau, Jamaica): 1685-1721 Anne Bonny (Female Pirate Caribbean): 1702-1782 James Cook (New Zealand - Great Barrier Reef Australia): 1728-1779 Jeanne Baret (Hidden as a Man, first woman to complete circumnavigation of the globe, Expedition ship - Mauritius, New Ireland, Madagascar, Bourbon Island): 1740-1807 Alexander von Humboldt (Amazonas): 1769-1859 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (North America Exploration): 1774-1838 Lady Hester Stanhope (Israel’s first holy land archeology excavation): 1776-1839 Lord Byron (Italy, Switzerland, Greece): 1788-1824 Thomas Cook (Egypt Nile, Middle East, Australia, New Zealand - Travel Company): 1808-1892 Charles Darwin (Galapagos, South America, Australia, Mauritius): 1809-1882 David Livingstone (Africa): 1813-1873 Sir Richard Francis Burton (Mecca-Africa): 1821-1890 Alfred Rüssel Wallace (Published together with Charles Darwin)Amazon River Basin, Malay Archipelago, Australasia): 1823-1913 Isabella Bird (Australia, Hawaii, Rocky Mountains, Japan, China, Asia, India, Tibet, Persia, Kurdistan, Turkey, Baghdad, Tehran, Morocco): 1831-1904 Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) (Hawai, Europe, North America, India): 1835-1910 Anne Blunt (Arabia and the Middle East to buy Arabian horses from Bedouin tribesmen, and the Egyptian Ali Pasha Sherif): 1837-1917 Annie Smith Peck (Mountaineer, Peru, Argentina, Switzerland, Bolivia, Mexico): 1850-1935 Roberto Ivens (Africa de Angola a Moçambique): 1850-1898 Juan Maria Schuver (North East Africa): 1852-1883 Mary Kingsley (West Africa, India, Sierra Leone, Angola, Canary Islands, Gabon, Mount Cameroon): 1862-1900 Nellie Bly/Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman (Female Around the world trip 72 days): 1864-1922 ✅ Gertrude Bell (Greater Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Persia, Palestine): 1868-1926 Annie Londonderry (Circumnavigate the Globe on a Bike): 1870-1947 Wright Brothers (Invented and flew the 1st successful airplane): 1871-1948/1867-1912 Roald Amundsen (Polar Expeditions - Antarctica): 1872-1928 Ernest Shackleton (Polar Explorer, Antartic): 1874-1922 Frank Nicholas Meyer (Asia Agriculture explorer): 1875-1918 Martin & Osa Johnson (East, Central Africa, South Pacific Islands, Borneo): 1884-1937/1894-1953 Louise Arner Boyd (Greenland, Arctic, fly over the North Pole): 1887-1972 Freya Stark (Middle East, Afghanistan) - 1893-1993 Lady Grace Drummond Hay (First woman to travel around the world by Zeppelin): 1895-1946 Amélia Earhart (First American female to fly over the Atlantic Ocean): 1897-1937 Cornelis Gijsbert Gerrit Jan van Steenis (South East Asia): 1901-1986 Charles Lindbergh (first aviator USA-Europe): 1902-1974 Amy Johnson (1st female to fly alone from the UK to Australia): 1903-1941 Aloha Wanderwell (Female Around the World in a Ford Model T): 1906-1996 Annemarie Schwarzenbach (Africa - North America - Middle East): 1908-1942 Jacque Cousteau (Underwater Exploration): 1910-1997 Heinrich Harrer (Tibet): 1912-2006 Edmund Hillary (South Pole - North Pole - Everest): 1919-2008 John Goddard (Nile in a kayak, Congo River, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Colorado River): 1924-2013 Neil Armstrong (Moon): 1930-2012 Valentina Tereshkova (The first female to fly in space): 1937-Still Alive Junko Tabei (First woman to reach the summit of Mt. Everest. First woman to ascent all Seven Summits in every continent): 1939-2016 Sir Ranulph Fiennes (North and South Pole, Antarctica on foot, Mount Everest): 1944 - Still Alive João Garcia português summits mountaineer Che Guevara Gengis khan Hannibal 200 vc Alps Elephants
Mulheres viajantes Sónia serrano pujalras
Fernando laidley silva viagem africa de carocha anos 50
História trágico marítima África família índia 1700
FICTION Assassins Creed Jules Verne (Phileas Fog): Around the World in 80 Days Lara Croft Tomb Raider Indiana Jones Uncharted
ROUTES Camiño de Santiago Trans Siberia Transmongolica Inca Trail Silk Road Spice Route Incense Route Amber Road Tea Route Salt Route Trans Sahara Trade Route Tin Route Ruta de los Libertadores (San Martín, Belgrano, O’Higgins, Hidalgo y Costilla, Morelos, Castilla, Santa Cruz, Artigas, Cochrane, Augustin I of Mexico, Miranda, Moreno, Pedro I of Brazil, Sucre, Bolívar)
ORIGIN OF NAMES Country and city names Words like turkey, cigano, mónhê, criolo
MYTHOLOGY Myths about legendary dragons, ghosts, monsters, Mentalfloss.com site